Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 19, Issue 41 (12-2023)
Marine Engineering 2023, 19(41): 1-13 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Taghizade Firozjaee T. Waste disposal of nuclear ships and submarines and environmental monitoring and control of radioactive materials in naval ports. Marine Engineering 2023; 19 (41) :1-13
URL: http://marine-eng.ir/article-1-1075-en.html
URL: http://marine-eng.ir/article-1-1075-en.html
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
Abstract: (1073 Views)
Radioactive wastes are special and dangerous wastes that must be disposed of in compliance with safety and health standards to prevent their possible risks to human health and the environment. The waste from nuclear ships and submarines is among the waste that must be properly disposed of. Navy ships are deactivated when their military capability does not justify the cost of ongoing operations. When the decision is made to decommission a nuclear vessel, it must be defueled, and appropriate measures must be taken to dispose of the reactor plant and the remains of the vessel. In this article, the first part discusses the implementation of a program to dispose of these wastes. This program involves several steps, defueling the reactor, inactivating theship, demilitarizing components, removing the reactor compartment for land disposal, recycling the remainder of the ship to the maximum extent practical, and disposing of the remaining non-recyclable materials. In the second part of the article, the control and monitoring of locations with nuclear activity are studied to ensure safety, security, and environmental protection, which is of utmost importance. These activities are carried out by various centers and organizations that require expertise and technical knowledge in the nuclear field.
Keywords: Nuclear-powered ships, Radioactive waste, Disposal of submarine reactor, Environmental monitoring, Ship recycling
Type of Study: Research Paper |
Subject:
Environmental Study
Received: 2023/11/6 | Accepted: 2023/12/30
Received: 2023/11/6 | Accepted: 2023/12/30
References
1. 1- Considerations on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes From Nuclear-Powered Ships Into the Marine Environment, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 1959
2. U. S. NAVAL NUCLEAR POWERED SHIP INACTIVATION, DISPOSAL, AND RECYCLING, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, 2019 Edition
3. Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea Public Ideas,Transnational Policy Entrepreneurs, and Environmental Regimes, Lasse Ringius, 2001
4. Inactivation and Recycling of Nuclear Vessels in the USA Overview and Status, Malcolm Mackinnon III, 2003.
5. Overview of Nuclear Submarine Inactivation and Scrapping/Recycling in the United States, Admiral M. MacKinnon III & J. G. Burritt, 1996
6. U.S. Navy Report, "Occupational Radiation Exposure from U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Plants and Their Support Facilities," T. J. Mueller, et al. 2018
7. U.S. Navy, "Final Environmental Impact Statement on the Disposal of Decommissioned, Defueled Cruiser, OHIO-Class, and LOS ANGELES-Class Naval Reactor Plants," April 1996.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM U.S. NAVAL NUCLEAR-POWERED SHIPS AND THEIR SUPPORT FACILITIES, NAVAL NUCLEAR PROPULSION PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20350, May 2019.
9. U.S. Navy, "Final Environmental Assessment on the Disposal of Decommissioned, Defueled, Naval Reactor Plants from USS ENTERPRISE (CVN 65)," August 2012.
10. U.S. Department of Energy Report, "Programmatic Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program's Final Environmental Impact Statement," DOE/EIS-0203-F, April 1995.
11. American Nuclear Society Report, "The Safety of Transporting Radioactive Materials". Position Statement 18, June 2002.
12. nternational Atomic Energy Agency Report, "Determining the Suitability of Materials for Disposal at Sea Under the London Convention 1972 and London Protocol 1996: A Radiological Assessment Procedure." International Atomic.
13. Energy Agency Report, IAEA-TECDOC-1759, 2015.
14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Federal Guidance Report No. 13 - Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides," September 1999.
15. Nuclear-Powered Ships: Accounting for Shipyard Costs and Nuclear Waste Disposal Plans, Honorable John P. Murtha Chairman, Subcommittee on DefenseCommittee on Appropriations House of Representatives , Washington, D.C, July1992.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
International Journal of Maritime Technology is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.