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The significant effect of waves on coastal and marine activities urges the precise identification of wave characteristics using field measurements, theoretical studies, physical modeling or numerical simulations. In order to study thoroughly the wave climate in the Caspian Sea, a wave modeling and hindcast project was performed by Iranian National Center for Oceanography. In this study, one of the latest versions of numerical wave models (3rd generation) was employed for long-term simulation of waves in the Caspian Sea using wind data. The wind field was obtained from ECMWF global operational model after a few local modifications were made. For calibrating the model, in-situ measurements and available satellite data were used. Extreme value analysis was the next stage in which for different return periods the wave characteristics were calculated. Finally, a user-friendly software was developed with the aim of presenting the results of the project.

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The goal of this study was to provide quality assurance for QuikSCAT wind speed and direction in Iranian adjacent seas including the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Synoptic station wind data and numerical atmospheric models in the study area were compared with QuikSCAT wind field. Time difference and spatial separation between the QuikSCAT and synoptic observations were limited to less than 1 hr and 45 km, respectively. The average and standard deviation of QuikSCAT wind speeds are more than those of synoptic stations and numerical atmospheric models. The accuracy of the QuikSCAT wind direction at low wind speed range is less satisfactory than that at moderate to high wind ranges. QuikSCAT wind speeds in the range of 5-15 m/s have an acceptable level of accuracy in southern seas. Large spatial separation between some of the synoptic stations in Iranian coastline and islands is a major limitation of this research. This is the first time that QuikSCAT wind field was evaluated against observed and modeled data in Iranian seas. QuikSCAT wind field can be used as a valuable source in wave hindcast/forecast modeling.

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Comparisons made between the measured data carried out from September to December 2012 using a streamer trap and the results of some semi-empirical formulas including C.E.R.C, Walton and Bruno (W.B), van der Meer (V), Kamphuis (K), and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Six dominant variables are considered in the ANN model to estimate long-shore sediment transport rate. Results reveal that among the semi-empirical formulas, Kamphuis formula has provided more reliable results than others and its %7 errors related to the observed data is partially resulted from the errors in input parameters. In contrast, the ANN model provides more accurate results with %6 error related to measured data and thus it is recommended to be applied in long-shore sediment transport rate estimation in similar research contexts.

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Caspian Sea is one of the most low-lying areas of the region which is located between latitudes 36.34 and 47.13 degrees north. Its considerable vast area and depth have provided an opportunity to gain renewable energy by different methods. This paper analyzes the performance and mechanism of a floating wave energy converter known as WaveStar, in the above-mentioned sea. Different parts of mechanism are examined under hydrodynamic forces of waves with certain periods and amplitudes. By using the frequency parameters, profile and velocity of the waves; and solving the governing dynamic equations for the model, the vibration response of system has been derived. The main part of this study is the investigation of the effect of changing the arm length, float diameter, wave period and wave amplitude on the structure using regular wave with Froude-Krylov force.

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In this study, patterns of water current, sea surface temperature and salinity distributions over the South Caspian Sea (SCS) have been investigated using ROMS model. Appling the most accurate bathymetry data and forces with temporal resolution of 3-6 hours, and spatial resolution of 0.125 deg is a characteristic of the simulations used in this study. Results show that there is a barotropic anticyclonic eddy over the deep water of SCS, which extended from surface to subsurface. A dipole anticyclonic/cyclonic feature is another structure of SCS that located in northwest (in Apsheron sill)/ southwest respectively,a nd persist throughout the year. Based on results, net buoyancy flux of SCS is more affected by thermal buoyancy rather than haline buoyancy. In addition, there is a saline front in the east coast of SCS that is separated from other regions by combining with warm (cold) water during (warm) seasons.

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The Caspian Sea level changes were very high in various periods of time; alternatively decreasing and increasing. Since the Caspian Sea level changes generally are remarkable in the short period of time, shoreline forward and retreat will be large due to the fluctuation of sea level; so, the prediction of shoreline changes is very important in the Caspian Sea. Bruun has presented his theory under the title of Bruun rule for shoreline change prediction; this rule is related to sea level rise, closure depth, distance from the coastline to closure depth and the maximum vertical run-up excursion above the point of bore collapse parameters. Also, Rosati et al. applied landward transport to the Bruun rule for improvement of its prediction that achieved the most favorable results.

In this research, the Bruun rule and modified Bruun rule extended for landward transport has been investigated for the Caspian Sea. In this study, the modified equation has shown the better results, which suggests that landward sedimentation could be the result of the Sea level changes as well as natural storms during the years

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Forecasting of sea level fluctuations is a suitable tool for comprehensive management of the sea and the protection of coastal areas. On the other hand, application of time series analysis for forecasting purposes has been evaluated to be very appropriate. Therefore, two time series consisting monthly measured sea level data were used in the present research. The data have been recorded at two stations of Anzali and Noushahr in the southern part of the Caspian sea for time lengths of 40 and 14 years, respectively. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test was employed to determine if measurements exhibit an increasing or decreasing trend. In the next step, different methods of forecasting and modeling of time series including Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average and Multiplicative ARIMA method were fitted to the data. Then, Akaike Information Criterion was applied to assess the ability and accuracy of fitted methods in forecasting of sea level in future months and to determine the best time series model. The results of forecasting in the final models reveal that the performance of the Multiplicative ARIMA method based on time series analysis, to estimate and simulate the stochastic behavior of the Caspian sea level is acceptable. Meanwhile, the length of the forecast period in the models has increased significantly in comparison with previous researches.

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The aim of this study was to design and develop a three-dimensional numerical baroclinic model with the ability to accept complex bottom topography and variable wind in space and time to investigation wind-induced current at 10 layers in the south Caspian Sea. The finite difference method Was used for numerical solution of the primitive equation in spherical Sigma pressure coordinate system on staggered modified Arakawa C grid. The wind data available from ECMWF ERA 15 data sets and the bathymetric data obtained from the JEBCO data sets with spatial resolutions of 0.125^o were utilized in the model. The result shows there are found a cyclonic eddy in middle of the basin and an anticyclonic current in close of the western coast that continued over the year. In addition, the circulation in the extensive continental shelve near the eastern coast is especially sensitive to wind direction and speed Also the maximum of surface current always take place in this area.

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The purpose of this paper is to review the background of Iranrood project studies (the project connecting the Caspian Sea to the South Sea) and to examine other inter-sea channels that have been implemented in the world. The idea of this plan was first proposed in the Qajar era and has since then been criticized and many comments have been made about it, but it has not been studied scientifically about the possibility of implementing it scientifically. Undoubtedly the implementation of such a great plan In addition to many benefits such as commercial and shipping revenues and water problems in the desert areas of the eastern part of IRAN, there will also be problems, but given that canals such as Panama, Suez, and Volga-Don ­have been built and successfully exploited in the world, with the experience and information about the construction of those canals can be used to investigate and implement the Iranrood project.  Many experts have worked on this plan. According to the conclusion of experts' Idea and the ­history of implementing such large and large plans, the Majlis Research Centr­al also considers the realization of this plan possible despite the existing problems and obstacles, and ­calls for researchers and researchers to study and research ­in this field­.
 

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After the collapse of the Soviet :union:, the Caspian Sea has become a place of competition between newly independent countries, and the quantitative and qualitative increase of modern sea vessels has been one of the actions of these countries. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature, and survey type in terms of the method of collecting and analyzing information. The obtained data has been analyzed in SPSS software platform. The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the level and class of vessels, the quantity and number of vessels, the equipment and facilities of vessels and the improvement of the security of the borders of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province. The obtained results show that the Islamic Republic of Iran had the lowest growth rate of military and security expenses in the matter of navigation among the five countries on the shores of the Caspian Sea, while Russia has the best navigation vessels, equipment and facilities and can It should be a good example for the Islamic Republic of Iran in strengthening the buoyancy of the coast guard and the way of controlling and monitoring the Caspian sea borders.